NEET BIOLOGY UNIT 15 ANIMAL KINGDOM

 NEET BIOLOGY UNIT 15 ANIMAL KINGDOM

 ANIMAL - CLASSIFICATION (PORIFERA TO ECHINODERMATA)
BRIEF HISTORY OF ANIMAL TAXONOMY
TAXONOMY
Taxonomy is the branch which deals with the study of nomenclature, classification and their principles. Three steps:
(1) Identification (2) Nomenclature (3) Classification
Taxonomy word was given by “Candole. It is a Greek word.
Taxis - arrangements (systematics)
Nomos - Law / Rules

(A) Division Radiata -
(i) Diploblastic / Triploblastic
(ii) Radial symmetry is found, body is bilayered and tissue-grade.
(iii) Mouth and digestive cavity present - Coelentron / Gastrovascular cavity
(iv) Anus absent i.e. alimentry canal incomplete.
Radiata includes two phyla -
(i) Cnidaria or Coelenterata (eg. Hydra) - Diploblastic, radial
(ii) Ctenophora (e.g. Beroe) - Triploblastic, biradial (According to modern view.)

1. All members are marine.
2. These are of moderate shape and upto 1 m in length.
3. Body is rase or bell or cup-shaped.
4. Endoskeleton is made of silica-spicules, spicules are 6-rayed. These are colourless, shining and also transparent so called “Glass-sponges”.
5. Choanocytes are in finger shaped chamber.
6. Canal system is complex leucon type.
Examples
(i) Euplectella - “Venus’s flower basket”. In Japan given as a Bridal-gift. Male and Female shrimps live in it till death.
(ii)Hyalonema - Glass-rope sponge
(iii) Pheronema - Bowl-sponge
(iv) Monorhaphis
(C) CLASS - DEMOSPONGIAE –
1. Majority are marine but some species are found in fresh water. Mostly large and asymmetrical sponges which may be solitary or colonial.
2. In some skeleton is absent, in some of siliceous spicules, in some made up of Sulphur-containing Spongin protein fibres skeleton, and in some skeleton is made of both spongin fibres and siliceous spicules.
3. Spicules if present are mono or tetra axon.
4. Canal-system Leucon or Rhagon type.
5. They have the capacity of contraction due to special Fibrocytes.
Example
1. Euspongia – Bath sponge
2. Spongilla - Fresh water sponge. It has zoochlorella living in it as a symbiont.
3. Ephydatia - Fresh water sponge.
4. Cliona - Boring - sponge.
5. Chalina - Mermaid’s gloves
6. Hippospongia - Horse sponge or Horny sponge
7. Phyllospongia - Leaf sponge
8. Patreon - Cup shaped sponge.
9. Oscarella - Skeleton is absent.
10. Halichondria - Bread sponge.
11. Chondrosia - Skeleton is absent.
12. Haliclona - Finger sponge.
13. Spongia officinalis - Turkish bath sponge - Great economic value.
1. Chromocytes are pigmented amoebocytes which provide colour to the animal.
2. Gemmules are formed as endogenous buds.
3. Choanocytes of sponges were discovered by H.J. Clark.
4. Sponges have a high power of regeneration due to archaeocyte cells.
5. Several sponges pass, during their embryonic development, through a structure, called olynthus. It is called hypothetical ancestor of sponges.
6. Monoaxon spicules are found around the osculum.

1. INTRODUCTION
 Animals show different types of of body organisation
(i) Protoplasmic level Eg. - Protozoa
(ii) Cellular level Eg. - Porifera
(iii) Tissue level Eg. - Coelenterata & Ctenophora
(iv) Organ/organ system level Eg. - Platyhelminthes onwards to Chordata.
 Animals can be Asymmetric, Radial and Bilateral symmetric.
 Most of the animals are triplobastic.
 Flatworms are Acoelomate, Round worms are pseudocoelomate where as rest of the animals are coelomates. Digestive
tract is incomplete in coelenterata, ctenophora and platyhelminthes where as it is complete in rest of the phyla.
 Modes of respiration can be Body surface, cutaneous branchial and pulmonary.
 Circulatory system is open in Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata and in Urochordata where as it
is closed in annelida and rest of the chordates
 Modes of Excretory system includes Flame cells, Nephridia. Malpighian tubules, Green glands and Kidneys in
animals.
2. PORIFERA
 Mostly marine, cellular level body organistation with water transport system / Canal system having ostia, osculum
and choanocytes (Collar cell) etc.
 Sponges are hermaphrodite and their Fertilization is internal.
Eg. - Sponges, Like - Sycon (Scypha), Spongilla (Fresh water sponge), Euspongia (Bath sponge)
3. COELENTERATA
 Mostly marine, radially symmetrical with stinging cell known as Cnidoblast. Mainly two forms i.e. polyp & medusa
which exibit alternation of generation (Metagenesis)
Eg. - Hydra Aurelia (Jelly Fish), Adamsia (Sea anemone), Pennatula (Sea pen), Gorgonia (Sea Fan), Meandrina (Brain
coral), Physalia (Portuguese man-of-war).
4. CTENOPHORA
 Exclusively marine popularly known as sea walnuts or comb jellies due to presence of 8-cillary comb plates which
help in locomotion. They show Bioluminescence.
Eg.  Ctenoplana, Pleurobrachia

Ex .1 The body of the animal can be divided into identical
halves in only one plane is
(A) Asymmetry (B) Bilateral symmetry
(C) Radial symmetry (D) Biradial symmetry
Sol. (B)
Ex .2 The space between body wall and alementary canal
lined by mesoderm is called
(A) Acoelom (B) Pseudocoelom
(C) Coelom (D) None of these
Sol. (C)
Ex .3 What is characterstic of deuterostomes
(A) Spiral cleavage, blastopore becoming mouth
(B) Radial celavage, blastopore becoming anus
(C) Spiral cleavage, blastopore becoming anus
(D) Radial cleavage, blastopore becoming mouth
Sol. (B)
Ex .4 Coelum is cavity between alimentary canal and body
wall enclosed by
(A) Ectoderm and endoderm
(B) Mesoderm and ectoderm
(C) Ectoderm on both sides
(D) Mesoderm on both sides
Sol. (D)
Ex .5 Metameric segmentation is the characteristic of
(A) Annelida and Arthopoda
(B)Mollusca and chordata
(C) Platyhelminthes and Arthopoda
(D) Echinodermata and Annelida
Sol. (A)
Ex .6 Radial symmetry is often exhibited by animal is
(A) One opening of alimentary canal
(B) Aquatic mode of living
(C) Benthos/sedentary nature
(D) Ciliary mode of feeding
Sol. (C)
Ex .7 True coelom or body cavity occurs in
(A) Hydra (B) Taenia
(C) Pheretima (D) Sycon
Sol. (C)
Ex .8 Which one of the following categories of animals, is
correctly described with no single exception in it
(A) All reptiles possess scales, have a three
chambered heart and are cold blooded
(poikilothermal)
(B) All bony fishes have four pairs of gills and an
operculum on each side
(C) All sponges are marine and have collared cells
(D) All mammals are viviparous and possess
diaphragm for breathing
Sol. (C)
Ex .9 In porifera, skeletonforming cells are
(A) Sclerocytes (B) Archaeocytes
(C) Thesocytes (D) Amoebocytes
Sol. (A)
Ex .10 Common bath sponge is
(A) Spongilla (B) Euspongia
(C) Leucosolenia (D) Sycon
Sol. (B)
Ex .11 One of the following is not a characteristic feature
of sponges
(A) Cellular level of organization
(B) Presence of ostia
(C) Intracellular digestion
(D) Body supported by chitin
(E) Indirect development
Sol. (D)
Ex .12 Metagenesis refers to
(A) Alternation of generation between asexual and
sexual phases of an organisms
(B) Occurrence of a drastic change in form during
post embrynic development
(C) Presence of a segmented body and
parthenogenetic mode of reproduction
(D) Presence of different morphic forms
SOLVED EXAMPLE
BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
1. The animals of phylum porifera are —
(A) Acellular
(B) Diploblastic
(C) Multicelleular with cellular grade of organisation
(D) None
2. Porous animals which lack division of labour & which
are fixed belong to —
(A) Radiata (B) Bilateria
(C) Parazoa (D) Eumetazoa
3. Which of the following structure is similar to anus
in porifera—
(l) Ostia (B) Osculum
(C) Prostonia (D) Cytopyge
4. One of the following is smallest sponge—
(A) Spheciosongia (B) Leucosolenia
(C) Sycon (D) Scypha
5. Scientist who for the first time reported sponges as
animal-
(A) Leeuwenhock (B) Robert Brown
(C) Robert Grant (D) Trumbley
6. Water canal system & water vascular system are
found respectively in—
(A) Sycon & Hydra
(B) Star fish & Sycon
(C) Echinoderms
(D) Porifera & Echinoderms
7. Which character differentiates sponges from other
metazoa animals—
(A) Absence of blood
(B) Absence of nerve cell
(C) Absence of many ostia & one osculum
(D) All
8. Sponges exhibits—
(A) Only intracellular digestion
(B) Only intercellular digestion
(C) Only extra cellular digestion
(D) A & B
9. The role of porocyte cells is—
(A) Excretion in flat worms
(B) To form excurrent opening for water current in
sponge
(C) To secrete sweat in mammals
(D) To form incurrent opening for water current in
sponge
10. What is lagoon-
(A) A type of sponge
(B) A type of coral
(C) Central water pool in coral reef
(D) A type of coral reef.
11. Choanocytes are -
(A) Collar cells (B) Thesocytes
(C) Porocytes (D) Pinacocytes
12. Phylum-porifera includes various sponges which
has various types of cells to perform diffemt functions.
The cells responsible for reproduction are —
(A) Choanocytes (B) Archeocytes
(C) Amoebocytes (D) Porocytes
13. Role of gemmules is —
(A) Sexual reproduction
(B) Asexual reproduction
(C) Dispersal
(D) None
14. Collar cells are found in —
(A) Star fish (B) Sponge
(C) Earthworm (D) Hydra
15. The character on which the classification of
sponges is based —
(A) Nutrition (2) Spicules
(C) Locomotion (D) None
16. What will happen if a sponge is mashed by hand &
put in a suitable culture medium. ,
(A) The cells will aggregate & form small sponge
bodies
(B) The cells will die
(C) The cells will grow enormously.
(D) The cells will lead independent life
17. Mesogloea is round in-
(A) Rabbit (B) Sponge & hydra
(C) Hydra (D) Sponge
18. Phylum-porifera is divided into following classes-
(A) Calcaria, Hexactinillida & Demospongiae
(B) Sarcodina, Sporozoa & Ciliata
(C) Calcaria, Hexactinillida & Sarcodina
(D)Mastigophora & Demospongiae
19. Which of the following lack locomotion -
(A) Amoeba (B) Earthworm
(C) Maggot of house fly (D) Leucosolenia
Exercise # 1 SINGLE OBJECTIVE NEET LEVEL
1. The infective stage of Taenia solium for secondary
host-
(A) Onchosphere (B) Hexacanth
(C) Cysticercus (D) Bladder worm
2. The cause of filariasis is -
(A) Mosquito (B) Bacteria
(C) Helminthes (D) Protozoan
3. Life cycle of which lack secondary host-
(A) Plasmodium (B) Fasciola
(C) Ascaris (D) Taenia
4. The cause of “Naru disease” is-
(A) Taenia solium (B) Fasciola
(C) Dracunculus (D) Ascaris
5. Infection of tape worm causes-
(A) Irritation in the alimentary canal ( B )
Loss of apettite
(C) Spots on the skin
(D) Itching
6. Leech is -
(A) Insectivorous (B) Larvaevorous
(C) Frugivorous (D) Sanguivorous
7. Which of the following is living fossil-
(A) Peripatus (B) Limulus
(C) Neopilina (D) All
8. Annelid which has Hb & haemocoel-
(A) Earthworm (B) Leech
(C) Nereis (D) All
9. Peripatus is a connecting link between-
(A) Arthropoda & Mollusca
(B) Annelida & Arthropoda
(C) Annelida & Mollusca
(D) Coelenterata & Platyhelminthes
10. Which is found in all annelids-
(A) Haemocoelom (B) Pseudocoelom
(C) True worm (D) Paragastric cavity
11. One of the following is a correct pair -
(A) Star fish - Segmented foot
(B) Scolopendra - Pseudopodia
(C) Amoeba - Tube feet
(D) Nereis - Parapodia
12. Which of the following is bioluminiscent-
(A) Aphrodite (B) Polynoe
(C) Chaetopterus (D) All
13. Metamorphosis is absent in -
(A) Polychaets (B) Oligochaets
(C) Cnidarians (D) All
14. Animal which has unstalked compound eyes & abdomen
is without appendages-
(A) Termite (B) Bedbug
(C) All ants (D) All
15. Following is a larva of class Crustacea-
(A)Maggot (B) Hexacanth
(C) Zoea (D) Rediae
16. Arthropoda is largest phylum. The number of species
in it is -
(A) About 9,00,000 (B) About 1 crore
(C) About 10,000 (D) Not definite
17. Which of the following is a absurd group-
(A) Hydra, Obelia, Sea anemone
(B) Cuttle fish, Silver fish, Hag fish, Dog fish
(C) Sea lily, Sea cucumber, Sea urchin
(D) Scorpion, Spider, Cockroach
18. One of the following character is similar in leech,
mosquito & bedbug-
(A) All insects
(B) Lay eggs in stagnant water
(C) All are endosparasite
(D) Their saliva contains anti-coagulant
19. Haemocoel is found in -
(A) Insects (B) Crustacea
(C) Arachnida (D) All
20. Rearing of hens is called as poultry. Similarly, rearing
of honey bees is called as-
(A) Sericulture (B) Animal culture
(C) Apiculture (D) Entomology
21. Respiration in the largest phylum arthropoda takes
place by-
(A) Trachea (B) Gills
(C) Book lungs (D) All

BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
1. Identify the names of the following figure from the given option
A B C
(A) Euspongia Sycon Spongilla
(B) Spongilla Sycon Eusporangia
(C) Euspongia Spongilla Sycon
(D) Sycon Euspongia Spongilla
2. Match the following and choose the correct option
A. Physalia i. Sea anemone
B. Meandrina ii. Brain coral
C. Gorgonia iii. Sea fan
D. Adamsia iv. Portuguese man of war
(A) A - iii; B - ii; C - i; D - iv (B) A - iv; B - iii; C - ii; D - i
(C) A - iv; B - ii; C - iii; D - i (D) A - ii; B - iii; C - i; D - iv
(E) A - i; B - ii; C - iii; D- iv
3. Select the right option in which all the following figures are correctly identified
A B C D
(A) Adamsia Aurelia Pleurobrachia Cnidoblast
(B) Cnidoblast Pleurobrachia Adamsia Aurelia
(C) Aurelia Adamsia Cnidoblast Pleurobrachia
(D) Pleurobrachia Cnidoblast Aurelia Adamsia
4. Give the correct match in the following :
Column- I Column - II
A. Flame cells i. Sponges
B. Collar cells ii. Hydra
C. Stinging cells iii. Plananria
iv. Ascaris
(A) A = iii, B = i, C = ii (B) A = iii, B = i, C = iv
(C) A = iii, B = iv, C = i (D) A = iii, B = ii, C = iv
5. Identify the following structures labelled A to E in the diagram given below from the list I to V
I. Septal nephridia II. Pharynx
III. Forest of integumentary nephridia IV. Tufts of Pharynegeal nephridia
A B C D E
(A) II III IV I V
(B) II IV V I III
(C) II V IV III I
(D) II I III IV V
Exercise # 3 PART - 1 MATRIX MATCH COLUMN
1. What is common between Ascaris lumbricoides and
Anopheles stephensi ? [CBSE AIPMT-2000]
(A) Hibernation (B) Metamerism
(C) Anaerobic respiration (D) Sexual dimorphism
2. In which of the following animal, post-anal tail is
found? [CBSE AIPMT-2001]
(A) Earthworm (B) Lower invertebrate
(C) Scorpion (D) Snake
3. In which of the following chlorocruorin pigment is
found ? [CBSE AIPMT-2001]
(A) Annelida (B) Echinodermata
(C) Insecta (D) Lower Chordata
4. In which of the following notochord is present in
embryonic stage ? [CBSE AIPMT-2002]
(A) All chordates (B) Some chordates
(C) Vertebrates (D) Non-chordates
5. In which animal, dimorphic nucleus is found ?
[CBSE AIPMT-2002]
(A) Amoeba
(B) Trypanosoma gambiense
(C) Plasmodium vivax
(D) Paramecium caudatum
6. Given below are four matchings of an animal and its
kind of respiraory organ [CBSE AIPMT-2003]
(i) silver fish - trachea
(ii) scorpion - book lung
(iii) sea squirt - Pharyngeal gills
(iv) dolphin - skin
The correct matchings are
(A) (ii) and (iv) (B) (iii) and (ii)
(C) (i) and (iv) (D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
7. Which one of the following is correct matching pair
of an animal and a certain phenomenon it exhibits?
[CBSE AIPMT-2003]
(A) Chameleon - Mimicry
(B) Taenia - Polymorphism
(C) Pheretima - Sexual dimorphism
(D) Musca - Complete metamor
phosis
8. Sycon belongs to a group of animals which are best
described as [CBSE AIPMT-2003]
(A) multicellualr with a gastrovascular system
(B) multicellular having tissue organisation, but no
body cavity
(C) unicellular or acellular
(D) multicellular without any tissue organisation
9. During its life cycle, Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke)
infects its intermediate host and primary host at the
following larval stages respectively
[CBSE AIPMT-2003]
(A) metacercaria and cercaria
(B) miracidium and metacercaria
(C) redia and miracidium
(D) cercaria and redia
10. A terrestrial animal must be able to
[CBSE AIPMT-2004]
(A) excrete large amounts of water in urine
(B) conserve water
(C) actively pump salts out through the skin
(D) excrete large amounts of salts in urine
11. The presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates
that [CBSE AIPMT-2004]
(A) fishes were amphibious in the past
(B) fishes evolved from frog like ancestors
(C) frogs will have gills in future
(D) frogs evolved drom gilled ancestors
12. In Arthropoda, head and thorax are ofter fused to
form cephalothorax, but in which one of the following
classes, is the body divided into head, thorax
and abdomen ? [CBSE AIPMT-2004]
(A) Insecta (B) Myriapoda
(C) Crustacea (D) Arachnida and Crustacea
13. The animal with bilateral symmetry in young stage
and radial pentamerous symmetry in the adult stage
belong to the phylum.[CBSE AIPMT-2004]
(A) Annelida (B) Mollusca
(C) Cnidaria (D) Echinodermata
Exercise # 4 PART - 1 PREVIOUS YEAR (NEET/AIPMT)
BIOLOGY FOR NEET & AIIMS
1. Body having meshwork of cells, internal cavities lined with food filtering flagellated cells and indirect development
are the characteristics of Phylum
(A) Mollusca (B) Protozoa (C) Coelenterata (D) Porifera
2. Assertion : In Pleurobrachia, eight comb like ciliary plates called comb plates are present on the body that help in
locomotion.
Reason : Pleurobrachia reproduces sexually and its life cycle includes cydippid larvA.
(A) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(B) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(C) If assertion is true but reason is falsE.
(D) If both assertion and reason are falsE.
3. Match the following list of animals with their level of organisation and choose the correct sequuencE.
Column-I Column-II
A. Organ level i. Pheretima
B. Cellular aggregate level ii. Fasciola
C. Tissure level iii. Spongilla
D. Organ system level iv. Obelia
(A) A-iv, B-iii, C-i, D- ii (B) A-iv, B-ii, C-iii, D- i
(C) A-ii, B-iv, C-iii, D- i (D) A-ii, B-iii, C-iv, D- i
4. One of these is not a feature of non -chordates.
(A) Absence of post anal tail (B) Ventrally located central nervous system
(C) Absence of notochord (D) Ventrally located heart
(E) Absence of gill slits
5. The cercarial stage of aliver fluke is produced by
(A) sexual multiplication (B) asexual multiplication
(C) binary fission (D) parthenogenesis
6. Flame cells of flatworms help in
(i) osmoregulation (ii) digestion (iii) reproduction (iv) excretion
(v) bioluminescence
(A) (ii) only is correct (B) (i) and (iv) are correct
(C) (iii) only is correct (D) (i) and (v) are correct
(E) (iv) and (v) are correct
7. Which of the following phyla has members with a true coelom ?
(A) Aschelminthes (B) Platyhelminthes (C) Arthropoda (D) Coelenterata
8. Match the following list of animals with their level of organisation and choose the correct sequencE.
Column I Column II
A. Organ le vel (p) Pheretima
B. Cellular aggregate level (q) Fasciola
C. Tissue level (r) Spongilla
D. Organ system level (s) Obelia
(A) A-(s), B-(r), C-(p), D-(q) (B) A-(s), B-(q), C-(r), D-(p)
(C) A-(q), B-(s), C-(r), D-(p) (D) A-(q), B-(r), C-(s), D-(p)